GFAP in Biofluids—Astrocytic Signals for Dementia, But With Strings Attached

The review by Zerr’s group lays out the promise of GFAP as an early, low-burden, and astrocyte-specific biomarker for neurodegeneration—including Alzheimer’s, Lewy body dementia, and genetic FTD—but grounds the excitement in detail: GFAP rises in multiple settings, shares the stage with inflammation, and is anything but disease-specific. In memory clinics, an elevated GFAP may be more a flag for brain distress than a reliable pointer toward a single diagnosis.